一、动作的执行者无需指出或不明确时
Printing was introduced into Europe from China. Rome was not built in a day.
二、为了强调动作的承受者
Four people were killed and thirty-one injured in the bomb attack. Susan was singled out for praise yesterday.
三、为了修辞的需要
He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door. Yesterdayu he visited our university and was welcomed by the President.
[提示]
1.除及物动词外, 一些相当于及物动词的短语动词也可作用被动态形式, 除个别情况外, 短语动词一般不拆开使用。
This matter will be dealt with as soon as possible.(短语)
2.不及物动词(或相当于一个不及物动词的短语动词)和表示状态的动词(或短语动词)无被动态形式, 如happen, rise, occur, take place, break out等; 以及lack, fit, suit, equal, become, resemble, befall, consist of,look like等。
The story took place in 1949.
3.将主动态形式改为被动态形式时如遇到动词后跟双宾语的情况, 我们只能将其中之一变成主语, 另一个保持不变。当直接宾语变成主语时, 保持在原位的间接宾语前需加介词to。
I gave my hasband a tie as a birthday pressent. →My hasband was given a tie as a birthday present. →A tie was given to my husband as a birthday present. Exercises 2 Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences: 1. The professor was knowledgeable and eloquent and ___B_______ with enthusiasm. A. was always listened B. was always listened to C. always was listened D. always listened to 2. He returned a week later and found his house ____D______ 。 A. has broken into B. was broken into C. to be broken into D. has been broken into 3. The United Kingdom _____C_____ Great Britain and Northern Ireland. A. consisted of B. is consisted of C. consists of D. consist 4. These oranges ______B____ nice. (smell feel taste主动形式可表被动) A. are tasted B. taste C. is tasted D. tastes 5. In 1950, she was the largest ship that ______D____ 。 A. was ever built B. has ever built C. has ever been built D. had ever been built 6. The house suddenly collapsed while it ____C______ down. A. was pulled B. pulled C. was being pulled D. had been pulled 7. “How do you like your new position?” “I ____B______ 。” A. don’t satisfy B. am not satisfied(状态) C. can’t satisfy D. haven’t satisfied 8. The sixth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, ________D__ and perfected now. A. developed B. will have been developed C. have developed D. are being developed 9. There are more than fifty proposals ___B_______ at the conference. A. discussed B. to be discussed C. discussing D. having discussed 10. Though Newton was a great scientist, many of his ideas ________D__ today and are being modified by the work of today’s scientists. A. are to challenge B. are challenging C. may be challenged D. have been challenged